The first is called woman work Essay Example For Students

The first is called woman work Essay We will write a custom essay on The first is called woman work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This idea also links to her time with her grandmother in Arkansas when the customers were all nearly all cotton pickers, even the women like the one in her poem who had all the other things to do on a daily basis. In R. S Thomass poem Lore he has a few very short sentences one is even only one word. The impact a one worded sentence has on the reader is the extra impact this has the reader has more time to ponder on the word which may provoke a thought in this example it was a rhetorical question: Miserable I think that R. S Thomas wanted it to be rhetorical and it would have been to a small percentage of readers but not to most beforehand he is saying how he is eighty-five and still farming and staying outdoors most of his life, for most and me especially that doesnt sound fun, im sure most would rather be inside watching Eastenders with a cup of tea in one hand and the local newspaper in the other well at his age at least, but he certainly doesnt seem to be one to conform to anyone elses beliefs. There is one word that does shock me: treachery of the seasons it seems like someone has betrayed you, well thats the context most people would use it in, but it works and makes the readers mind jump up and wonder what will this poem be like, what sort of character is the writer, because form this line he seems bitter and resentful but you find out. This could be because of his religious experience and upbringing that there is no grey everything in the world is either black or white. He doesnt appear to look at things form other peoples points of view. He asks a lot of rhetorical questions in his poem: Miserable? Whats living but courage? and What to do? I think he is trying to change peoples views and show them what the correct answer to the question is. Unlike Maya Angelou, who simply presents her ideas unbiasdly as they are for you, she lets you make up your own mind and because of this she seems more helpless and honest, this is why more people would probably prefer her poem because she is not forcing her beliefs on anyone else like R. S Thomas. R. S Thomas uses metaphors in many of his poems he chose to only use one in this one, probably didnt want to seem soft or gentle because this is the image I get of a person when there is a lot of metaphors in their poems. Bearded with golden dew Thomas is describing the grass he also uses personification in the same phrase to describe the grass looking like there is a beard on it. The vocabulary between the two poems is very contrasting. In the poem Lore R. S Thomas physicalises a lot of things eighty-five winters old. Instead of saying he is 85 he says how many winters he has witnessed in his lifetime, he seems to have a different approach to many things even work. Instead of using machines to do work more easily he wants to spend more time doing work by hand which would appear odd to many never mind the machine. He uses harsh language; treachery, kick my arse! He chooses to use strong, powerful language; this could be because of his scheduled upbringing and life in a very organised strict church environment. He doesnt walk around a topic he bluntly states his views and opinions, as not to dawdle. In the church you mainly encounter a yes or no opinion about topics, clergy are straight to the point and quick to state it like in R. S Thomass poem. In one word treachery you understand his opinion about the seasons. Maya Angelou keeps language simple and straightforward the floor to mop and let me rest tonight. There arent any hidden meanings in her poem it is simple and easy to read unlike Lore. .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 , .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .postImageUrl , .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 , .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:hover , .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:visited , .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:active { border:0!important; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:active , .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4 .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud2f5b32aa1f6a4f16a3d059493b753e4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Walt Whitman the poet of American inclusion EssayThis could be because she is showing how this woman didnt have much of an education and doesnt know how to use fancy types of language. She does however use alliteration: star shine I think is to slow the pace of the poem down and to keep the poem together and make the tone more gentle near the end. When reading Woman Work the first stanza has no punctuation until the last line, so it is breathtaking literally. This may have been done to show how like a slave she is always busy and never stops. This could have also been done also to emphasise the fact that there was a severe lack of education in Maya Angelous life. The message that the poet is trying to get through to the reader in Woman Work is how horrible life can be and the things you have to do to live. Also when I was reading this poem I was trying to think what the woman in this poem would have done when she was educated. Two things came into my mind. When there is no punctuation in the first stanza, this makes me the reader breathless when reading through. It obviously changes the way I read the poem and after I read the list stanza at the beginning I fell relieved its over, but then it makes the reader realise that the woman in the poem still hasnt had a rest and I want her to feel relieved like I did. I think that Maya did this to reflect the fact that she didnt have an education. R. S Thomas however has a lot of punctuation in his poem. He asks many questions, has a few very short sentences and uses an assortment of commas and full stops: What to do? , large, man, and and miserable. It affects the way I read very much, because all the punctuation make me have to pause a lot when reading the poem through, but this could be useful because it gave me longer to consider the points made in the poem. I think the poet has done this to show how organised his life is and how he doesnt miss anything out, I also think it might be used to change the readers views about the issues discussed and the characters personality throughout. The rhetorical questions and exclamations show the irony and sarcasm of R. S Thomass character. I believe the excessive amount of punctuation in this poem is emphasising the poets very organised and scheduled life, living in a church and having strict rules to follow. The overall image I received form the poem Lore was that of an old bitter and proud man by himself working his field to its fullest. I think of him doing the same routine year after year, quite a repetitive lifestyle a bit unfulfilling for most. He seems very strong minded and willed, all he wants is a simple breakfast nothing luxurious just some plain tea and porridge, no extras, he doesnt even want milk or honey for his porridge just the basics for him. I can imagine he has a small wooden shack with no other family, he lives in solitary. In R. S Thomass poem he uses personification: Bearded with golden dew From this use of personification I visualise a golden shadow over a field of never ending grass. The grass is shimmering and seems very inviting to touch almost magical. Within this same line he uses a metaphor. The words golden dew could also describe how much he likes his lifestyle and how everything suits him perfectly. Again this reinforces my earlier thoughts about the beard on the grass. I believe that the poet put these to figurative language devices in the same line in order to maybe shock the reader because I usually associate these devices as the poet writing quiet gently and being a bit of a softy. But job Davies seems to be a completely opposite character to that so it throws the reader off a bit and keeps you wondering. R. S Thomas could have done this because it shows that there is only a very minimal room for such nonsense in the world of work and thats why he hasnt used these literary devices throughout his poem. .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 , .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .postImageUrl , .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 , .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:hover , .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:visited , .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:active { border:0!important; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:active , .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03 .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u531229f6034f3d44974b8fcbcb338c03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Role Century Poetry In Resisting 'Nationalism' EssayThis might be due to his very organized upbringing in a church environment where organisation and scheduled life is everything. In the poem Lore the rhyming scheme is a s follows; a,a,b,c this rhyming scheme doesnt change whatsoever throughout, I think the poet did this to show his background and the character in poem (Job Davies) views about how an scheduled hard working life is the only way to advance in life. In the poem woman work the rhyming scheme varies a lot throughout. In the first stanza the rhyming scheme is rhyming couplets throughout. Then in all the following four line stanzas the rhyming scheme is that the last words from the second line and fourth line rhyme. In the poem woman work the rhyming couplets in the first stanza help the flow and pace of the poem at the beginning it adds to the list effect of the first stanza, it also makes the woman seem quite bitter about what she has to do in a sarcastic sort of tone I can imagine her reading this out. The other four stanzas hold the poem together and slow the pace down more. The way in which I read the first stanza in a list form is reminiscent of her never ending seeming list of daily responsibilities. In the poem Lore the last three stanzas are all just pairs of rhyming couplets. This makes the poem quite a country sounding one sort of just bopping along, line, rhyme, line, and rhyme, like a tractor almost. This tractor sound I read to is extremely reminiscent and tied into the theme of job Davies working his field. The strict rhyme scheme that R. S Thomas uses echoes his strict schedules-hum-drum working life suggests no room for dreams. Both poets have used rhythm and rhyme to constantly add to the theme of work and specifically either

What is a Life Plan and Why Should You Create One

What is a Life Plan and Why Should You Create One What is a life plan and why should you create one? You’re probably familiar with creating a plan for your professional career. But you most likely have never considered planning out your entire life for the foreseeable future. In fact, most people do not. You’ll never see someone sit down and write a plan for how they want to be remembered, who they want to be, or what matters most to them. But these are very important things to consider.Take a look at this infographic to find out why you should create a life plan and how it will benefit you.Source: [socialwork.career]

Annotated Bibliography. Generation Challenges in the future of nursing Essay

Annotated Bibliography. Generation Challenges in the future of nursing informatics - Essay Example Moreover, the article indicates that they are expected to make a reasonable effort in addressing rising demand for the nursing care services, which are focused on increasing supply of nurses. In this case, the nurses can increase their efficiency in the provision of care through the use of health Information Technology that has been considered a crucial issue through numerous discussions. The article covers issues related to the effect of the health IT and health informatics through an outlook of the nursing profession. In addition, the vendors across the health IT field are urged to facilitate understanding of the nursing profession through gearing them to meet challenges for reforming new era attributed to collaboration in offering health care services. Ball, M.J. (1995). Nursing Informatics: Where caring and technology meet. New York: Spinger-Verlag The book focuses on markets in health care practice and education settings, whereby it aims to address the issues relating to nursing practice and students; in fact, issues discussed relates to nursing leadership, nursing faculty and nursing informatics specialists. Moreover, this book is designed meet the needs of professionals in the health care fields such are quality officers, administrators, health IT professions, who are in the health care facilities. ... /journal_of_nursing/challenges_in_nursing_informatics.htm> The article discusses challenges faced by nurses due to constrains associated with innovation technology. It also seeks to explore ways through which these challenges can be overcome. The article offers nursing documentation, thereby explaining dynamics and complexity of the processes. Moreover, the article focuses on bridging the gaps that are present in the nursing documentation to the electronic record. In addition, there are abilities of nursing students discussed in the article, thereby allowing them to understand challenges, which are involving the constants evolutions of technology. In this case, the article offers relevant issues related to nursing practice in relation to challenges. Kaminski, (2011). Organizational management and generation X. Nursing Informatics. Retrieved on 2 Feb 2012 from The article takes into consideration the challenges and threats that are faced by managers in organizations, whereby this mana ger are classified into echelon of Baby Boomer and senior Silent Generation managers. These challenges are attributed to the emergence of the work force referred to Generation X, who are considered to be offering dynamic solutions to meet the needs of the workforce. The article covers issues related to technological knowledge, thereby facilitating the adaptability to change and diversity. There are other issues discussed in the article relating to sharing of time and downsizing, which have become a challenge to the organization. In this case, the unique brands of workers that are acquiescent to the needs are reflected in various scenes, in the workplace. Ericksen, A. (2009). Informatics: the future of nursing. RN journal. Retrieved on 2

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Film Analysis - Essay Example that men have dominated in the society, thus leaving women to struggle on their own poverty.Multiracial aspect is also evident and this brings the problem of dominance of men who are in power. Cultural analytical frameworks employed really undervalue womanspreference such that inequality practices are facilitated. In this film, the aspect of hustling backwards is evident from the manner in which the characters concerned are struggling to make ends meet. This is as a result of the low wages that they earn as they try to uplift their families from poverty. In some instances, single mothershad found it hard to raise their children alone after an experience of a painful divorce, example, Mary Venittelli who was divorced by her husband.Women have limited access to government benefits such as the medical benefits and reliable salaries from their jobs. The women in the film experience hardships on matters related with medication as they struggle to pay for such services. These women have proven tobe very hardworking,to extend their work for more than one job and yet they cannot earn a wage that can be sufficient to uplift their families from poverty level. Barbara Brooks is featured in the film as a presentation of women who are facing a force of income inequality asit escalates to the social fabric of the country.The film highlights how the rich people continue to be richer and the poor becomes poorer as days go by (Weisberg, 2006). The women have found housing cost to be very high such that they cannot pay it comfortably. For instance, one of the women works as a maid with a house cleaning service,a waitress, a hotel housekeeper, a nursing home maid, and as a Wal-Mart associate, yet she cannot make enough money to cater to her needs. The film talks of the issue of rent that has become a challenge for many women evident through Jean Reynolds a 55year old who paid hospital bills but lacked finances to pay for rent only to be evicted from the house.The force of income

The Teach for America helps the education reform Essay

The Teach for America helps the education reform - Essay Example ugh the TFA wants to make the best reforms for the American educational system, critics argue that the short duration training is not enough for the corps members. This has brought forth the debate as to whether or not the TFA is indeed making a positive change in the society or if it is making matters worse by giving students inexperienced teachers to guide them. Teach For America (TFA) is a non-profit organization that was founded in 1989 by Wendy Kopp. The organization operates on the motto: â€Å"One day, all children in this nation will have the opportunity to attain an excellent education† and is driven by its mission: â€Å"To eliminate educational inequality by enlisting high-achieving recent college graduates and professionals to teach for two years in low-income communities throughout the United States.† In its first year of operation, TFA recruited and placed 500 teachers in various schools across the nation. The number has risen by over 50% over the decades. As suggested in its mission; the TFA recruits college graduates and professionals to teach in urban and rural communities throughout the US for two consecutive years. The recruits are known as corps members, and they do not have to be certified teachers (Tulenko 20). The corps members in TFA are cheaper so that they will give pressure to the tenure teachers to improve teaching performances.  Most of the TFA corps members are fresh college graduates who are eager to make a change in the society. Majority of them are hoping that they will be in a position to help the underprivileged students form low income families to get better grades. Many of them are liable to hearsay about the training program offered by the TFA and how it is aimed at making positive educational reforms. They are also aware of the fact that they will be placed in jobs at various schools across their country. Unaware of the problems that they will encounter due to poor training, they enroll for the program. Once they have

Comparing China And Germanys Business Cultural Differences

Comparing China And Germanys Business Cultural Differences In a country, the behaviour of the individuals and their work ethic value is determined by the national culture. It also varies from country to country. Academic such as Suku et al (2007), stated that, managers who interferes should not label peoples value, orientation and attitudes of others based on the values of their local cultures. It is important to understand that cultures differs from one place to another, Chinese culture differs from Europeans cultures. In China, they attached importance on hierarchy in an organization. hofstede study is one of the widely recognized cultural identification and measurement which have also received wide criticism. As regards to China, they have strong ethic and clan attachment, because Chinese managers are educated locally. Most often it is easy to find Chinese managers generally middle age and family business owners ranging from small to medium size. Suku (2007:p5). Similarly, Chineses governments are seeking to build Chinese brand, and produ cts that will compete globally with the aim of becoming global champion. They seek to adapt the image of chine in business and protect indigenous companies from foreign competition. Consequently, Germany is an already established economy being the third richest country in the world and the richest in Europe. Management style in western European is also different from the Chinese management style. Germany for instance have so much bureaucracy and hidden group of advisors which makes decision making process slow unlike China where decisions are taken by powerful individuals discussed in power distance in this assignment. However, the management style in western culture appears more transparent and reliable than in China and some Asian cultures. This assignment will discuss the cultural differences in China and Germany using, Hofstedes and Schwartzs theories, monochronic-pluralistic, compare high and low context culture, Trompenaar`s framework and other concepts. The assignment will also discussed the impact of adapting good cross cultural practices by local managers across borders. The answer to the assignment question will be provided based on some changes with r elation to the discussions in this assignment. 2. Comparing and Contrasting China and Germany Cultural Differences using Hofstede and Schwartz Cultural Framework Individuals are inclined by cultural norms, tradition, religions and local belief which are unlikely to be affected by changes. However, as civilization reaches different part of the world, individual are learning to adapt to their new environment in doing business. Some of the hofsteded studies and concepts are discussed below. A. Power distance There is no doubts that some societies are unequal than others but some are more unequal than others. Power distance describes the relationship which exists between the less powerful and the more powerful people in the community. According to Hofstede (1983b), power distance also refers to the hierarchy and the extent employees feel to be dependent on their managers at work. Human life is associated with hierarchy, China culture have comparative wider gap between the high and low, which leads to the rich feeling powerful and respected by the people, there is also lower prospect of movement between different classes, or levels. High power cultures like China expects supervisors to be the decision makers, and be the problem solvers, people are scare of disagreeing with the supervisors. Members of high power distance accept inequality as part of the culture. However, in low power distance such as Germany, people can disagree with their supervisors and feel confident to disagree with supervisors and as a means of defense members will often express an upward aggression although secretly and does not fear for confrontation with their boss. Hofstede (1983a). Members earn their respect and power can only be gained by the best and the best earns it, people do not gain power by merely influencing others by their position or money. There is low significant gap between the boss and the employees and the inequality among the people are minimal. Members require independent from their boss and do not require central authority and autonomy. People are not afraid to fight for their rights which make inequality unacceptable . B. Individualism/collectivism According to Hofatede (1983a), individualism collectivism is the degree identity is based on the individual and the extent the individual is incorporated in the group rather than the group or system. In other words, this distinguishes between the individual and individual collectivity. Gibson et al (1998). Individualism collectivism is also the reflection of ones ethic and way of life. According to Hofstede research, Germany are included in the high individualism places which places high value on ones willpower and individual initiatives. Individual self justification is based on personal achievements and self evaluation. Individuals judgment comes from both their personal achievement and the values place on the recognition by the society. Early et al (1999). In such culture, members pay more attention in themselves and their immediate family than the group. There is freedom of expression and right to owns opinion. Members of high individualistic cultures show more acceptance to aggressive behaviour than members of low individualistic culture. Therefore in Germany national culture, people will not be afraid to express their opinion or defend themselves and would sometimes go any length to accelerate their success. Whereas, in a collectivism or low individualism culture such as China, members show more attention to group identity, strong ties rather than ones self. Members are born in these societies and include extended families. According to Markus and Kitayama (1991), collectivists are satisfied when the group succeeds and judges their own success and failure on the activities of their association. Group needs take preference over the needs of the individual, and members frown at aggressive behaviour since disagreement will disrupt the group harmony and collective state objectives. Bergeron and Schneider (2005). C. Masculinity/ femininity As Hofstede (1980, 1983b) stated, masculinity/femininity can be distinguished by the level of roles distributions between the genders in the societies and the true biological difference being procreation. Similarly, these roles have being identified across the world as a social sex role division. National cultures which has masculinity shows the same values, however, under the same conditions, men`s show different value. Men values are different from women because men are competitive while women are modest and caring. According to Hofstede (1980), aggressive pole are label masculinity and self-effacing pole as feminine. Hofstede identified the national business culture of Germany and China as masculinity. Masculine expression is seen as aggressive, sound, cogent, and not personalized, while feminine expression is judged as cautious, welcoming, indirect, emotional, prejudiced and polite. Pearson (1981). In both Germany and China cultures, they show masculine characters, emotions are n ot expressed, men dominates discussions, and ineffective listeners, members of masculine cultures are more likely to exhibits aggression. Borisoff and Merrill (1985). In summary, According to the authors, femininity has been identified as being polite, humbly behaved, obedient and emotional, members does not support aggression and pay more attention on interpersonal relationship. 3. Reviewing countries against Trompenaar`s framework Universalism v Particularism Universalism and particularism refers to the way societies apply the law of morality and ethics. In a universalism culture, people believe they can learn all that is true and good and always determined to defend the truth. The rule of particularism is based on human judgment and friendship. Germany is an example of a universalism culture, where rules and contract are made and applied in all circumstances. Due to the universalistic approach In Germany, contract are interpreted and communicated based on the terms of the agreement which also define the relationship that exist between the parties in business. However, in a particularistic culture such as China, deciding what is right or wrong depends on the exact situation and relationships of the people involved. For the Chinese, relationship is defined based on the individual involved and the circumstances. In China, legal contract only emphasizes the beginning of a contract terms of agreement which often changes with the circumstances. International business culture tends toward the universalistic idea. In universalistic culture such as Germany, there is greater competition among employees for better job and higher earning without regarding relationship whereas in China, employee focus solely on relationship. There is always room for change in a particuistic culture, rules and regulations are flexible. Finally, these differences in culture are a huge challenges for international companies wishing to enter global market in this countries, although sometimes, these changes may prove to be an advantage. 4. High context versus low context It is essential to consider the cultural differences and the most common communication process in individualistic and collectivistic cultures to communicate effectively. This difference is best explained using low and high context communication. The context depends on the extent you know before you can communicate successfully. Problem often arise due to information sharing when workers from low and high context have to work together. This is sometimes grouped as differences in direction, quality and quantity. High context refers to societies or group where people have close connection and relationship over a long period of time. As a result of many years of interaction with each other, majority of the people know what to do and what to expect from members therefore cultural behaviour are not clearly laid out. Workers from High context cultures such as China adapt to their friends and stays very close to their families and colleagues. Workers also want to share information about various other topics among themselves. These keep every member of the group up to date with current events around the community and business. Whereas, Low context refers to societies or group appears to have many connections for a short period of time or for a purpose. Since members have shorter connections, cultural behaviours are clearly laid out in order to enable people entering the environment to understand what is expected of them and how to behave. Consequently, low context cultures such as Germany familiarizes with as mush people as possible in their everyday life because differentiation between groups are less. Workers only share minimum information enough to carry out their work, people rarely discuss or share information amongst colleagues. In China, people exchange information both at work and in private, which makes communication very proficient. They discussed everything in advance and agree on a common decision which is announced and approved in an official meeting which the people regards as ceremonious. The Chinese values this practice and regard it as dignifying. In contrast, the Germans are very formal, would not disclose agenda for a meeting before the actual time. They would only discuss important information in the meeting which will enable everyone present contributes to the decision making process. High context societies also have dense, strong boundaries, intersecting networks and favours relationship higher than tasks while low context culture have wide networks , loose and favours tasks more than relationships. 5. Monochronic v Polychronic cultures In a monochronic culture, people prefer doing one single thing at a time while in a polychromic culture, people would prefer to multi task at the same time. National business cultural norm in a polychromic culture comprises of an open door policy, meeting and business all at the same time. Germany is a monochronic culture while China is a polychronic. These differences can sometime cause problem in business transaction, example, a German prefer a close door conversation during business meeting and would not like to be interrupted by phone calls or people intruding into the office. They feel less important and disrespected if business is going on at the same time the phone is ringing and staff interrupting the conversation. The Chinese have a flexible time manner which allows them to switch from one task to other as the need arise. To a polychronic, time is unending, and flows like the sea from endless past to present unto the future. For a monochronic such as German, only one thing is permitted at a time until is successfully completed before they can switch to another. Monochronic also regards time as distinct, with an ending, they see as a single unit of hours, minutes and seconds. They prefer to plan, organize their schedules around the ticking of the time. They value time so much that lateness is not acceptable, punctuality is compulsory and people are expected to meet deadlines at work. In Polychronic cultures such as China, people like to relax, enjoy themselves, and be the person they are rather than weighing themselves down with the highly demanding world of business planning and activities. They do not regard lateness as an offense and people are allowed to work around their schedule as long as the work is completed. 6. Conclusion From the above discussions, this assignment will therefore conclude that National Business Cultures are affected by the Changing Environments. Language, Aesthetics, religion, education, attitudes and values, social organisation are some of the changes that affect the national business of a country. Some of these are discussed briefly below. Language Language to a greater extent determines the values and nature of the society. In some countries several dialects deters the business interaction among the people. Sub-cultural languages are also some of the causes of communication and tribal problems in some countries. As people travel from one place to another, language can be an advantage or disadvantage in engaging in business. As people interact they feel more confident to trust others and adapt some of the cultural norms discussed above. Languages also affect relationship and how work is done in both a monochronic and polychronic society. Language also carrying different meaning in a high and low context culture, these concepts often relate to the balance between the spoken and non spoken language. In a high context culture such as China, messages carry different meaning, it is important to understand some of the hidden cultural meaning in a message, whereas in a low context what is said carries the same meaning of the message. Religion According to hofstede (1991), China is an Atheist society, their religion is best understood by the study of Confucius teaching and concepts. In some countries religions laws are used to govern a state and will restrict individual willpower and initiatives in doing certain business. Chinese government supports this belief which reflects the attitudes of the peoples in relation to carefulness and determination. Belief and religion will also determine the level of individualistic-collectivistic of a society. However, National Business practices are changing because younger people are being educated in western style business schools and culture. Also organizations are obliged to adapt their products and services to the local culture n order not to be offensive, unlawful or not tasty to the local nation. In 2007, several advertisement relating to pig which ban in order not to offend the 2% Muslim Chinese minority, the ban was to include any picture which represents any aspect of pig meat such as sausages or picture cartoon. Consequently, Germans religion is divided into Roman Catholic and Protestants which is also practices across Europe. There is no compulsory religion in Germany, as religion is not mixed with politic. There s freedom of everything. As people belief is constants changing, the national business environment is also affected. Attitudes and values Individual Attitudes and values changes from place to place and can also change among people in the same country. It is also important to understand the local environment and the culture before entering the market. Universalism and particularism are also some of the cultural practice that changes by the attitude and values in the society. Chinese people will not do business with a stranger and prefer to do business with someone they know and can trust. Companies wishing to do businesses in China have to form friendship with the local people to establish friendship and trust not just for a short time but on a long time bases in order whereas the reverse is the case in Germany. Similarly, in some cases, promotional messages or delicate branding are designed according to the local cultures, managing local employee also may pose a challenge. Example, In 2004, China ban a Nike TV advert which shows a basketball star in a fight with kung fu master cartoon because the advert is an insult to Chinese national dignity. The effect of attitude and value on national business of a country is an important ingredient which has to be clearly studied and understood in constantly reviewed in order to keep on track the changes that may hinder businesses with the country. Education The degree of interaction between people in a society depends on the level of education. Education also determines how messages are communicated to the people and the medium of communication. The level of education among people changes from country to country. Example, it is difficult to use communication messages such as written materials to advertise in a country with a low literacy level, in such country, it will be wish to use radio advertising with audio communication and billboards. Branding and labeling of the products is another medium of advertising in such society. In China, most management courses are taught according to the standard of the western culture. As more people get educated in western way of thinking, this unarguably boasted business culture and enable modern theories and business model to take over rigid and traditional leadership style. Moreover, the need for advancement in research and development is a significant influence for both China and Germany who alwa ys seek to improve their business environment. However, as a result of word counts and limit, this will not be elaborated any further. Finally, the discussion can point out to the fact that National business culture of a nation is affected to the changing environment. 7. Management style and managing across borders Finally, in discussing some of the facts important to Saudi managers to succeed across borders in business, they should learn the management style, culture of the local people and respect their cultural differences. It is important to develop how to manage cultural diversity, differences and conflicts, dealing with issues such as control and coordination, communication and teamness Marquardt et al, Shenkar and Zeira, (2001) Cultural diversity and language difference is a challenge to any multinational company. When doing business in countries like China, managers should seek to build a lasting relationship with the local people to gain their trust and friendship. When cultural differences are neglected at work several challenges such as conflict occurs. It is important to recognize others and built flexible team, empower team members and involve staff in decision making process. When intercultural skills are ignored, results may be rage, communication barrier, and difficulty in sharing knowledge. Managers should be empathic and understand the cultural practice in countries where they are operating. Some of these cultures have great significant in the individuals and society in general as discussed above, it is therefore necessary to acquire the norms and focus on how businesses should adapt to theses cultural practices across border as stated in this assignment. Managers should understand Hofstede and Schwartz theories, monochronic polychronic, individualistic collectivistic and other cultural differences discussed in this assignment and apply them correctly in individual nation. Managers should understand what their local business environment requires and design products and services to meet such demands which will encourage universalism. They should ensure business in done in an open way according to the nations managerial style and culture example in Germany where employee competition is encouraged by companies. In conclusion, managers should always reflects on their local culture, and apply the ethic and values in cross cultural borders as a means to understanding how other nations operate before judging them. 8. References Suku Bhaskaran (2007), National culture, business culture and management practices, consequential relationships Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and Nishal Sukumaran. The Melbourne Business School. Australia Cross Cultural Management, international Journal vol 14 no 1. 2007 pp 54-67 Dickson et al., 2003 Business Journal of Management vol 3 issue 3 Suku Bhaskaran (2007), National culture, business culture and management practices, consequential relationships, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and Nishal Sukumaran. The Melbourne Business School, Australia Cross Cultural Management, an International Journal vol 14 no 1, 2007 p5 Euromonitor, China: How to Get a Piece of the Action in Beauty and Personal Care. December 2009 Hofstede, (1991, p. 28).The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review Vol. 16 No. 1, p 28 Hofstede (1994). The strategic alliance between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 no 1,p 29 Glunk, U., Wilderom, C. and Ogilvie, R. (1999), Finding the key to German-style management, International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol 26 No 3, pp 93-108. Triandis, H.C. (1993), Cultural values in intergroup and single group social dilemmas, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 77 No 3, pp 171-91. China business Ettequett accessed online at www.cyborlink.com/besite/China.htm Arvind V Phatak. Rabi S Bhagat, Roger j Kashlak (2005) managing in diverse and dynamic global environment, International management textbook, p 160 .Hofstede (1994). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 no 1. p 29 .Schwartzs (1999). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 No. 1, p 28 . Khaled Abdou (2003). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies, a cultural perspective vol 16 issues 1 (2003) . Hofsteded (1991) Chinese employees work values vol 129 issue 2 . Ju (1993) the impact of culture on Chinese employees work values, Journal of Public Relation Vol 36 issues 1 (PR) . Kogut, B. and Singh, H. 1988, the effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, vol 19 no 3, pp. 411-32. (www.imf.org). Higgs, B. (2006). Environmental scanning pest or pleasure, Marketing magazine, 2006, 52-53 .Euromonitor, China. How to Get a Piece of the Action in Beauty and Personal Care. December 2009 Times online 2010. www.timesonline.com/news .www.bbc.co.uk/news/business link Barry Bozeman and Jeffrey D. Straussman, Public Management Strategies, Guidelines for Managerial Effectiveness. Oxford, Jossey Bass Publishers 1990. . Shenkar and Zeira, (1992) The relationship between intercultural effectiveness and perceived project team performance in the context of international development. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33, 2009, 383 Time newspapers April 15th 2001

The Lottery: Examples Of Literary Terms, And A Journal Entry Essay

A. 1) The tone, mood or atmosphere in the story begins with that of happiness and euphoria, by setting us up with a wonderful day that most everyone would enjoy. (Quote: â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [pg147] ) However, later on in the story, it takes a different tone, and by the very end the tone is that of panic, disdain and fear. (Quote: â€Å"‘It isn’t fair, it isn’t right,’ Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her.† [pg 155] ) 2) The conflict in this story is person versus environment (society) And to a lesser extent, person versus person. (Quotes: â€Å"I tell you it wasn’t fair, you didn’t give him time enough to chose. Everybody saw that.† [pg154] â€Å"‘Be a good sport, Tessie,’ Mrs. Delecroix called, and Mrs’ Graves said, â€Å"‘All of us took the same chance.’†[pg153] ) 3) The point of view is semi-omniscient. 4) One example of foreshadowing in this story is when Tessie is late to the draw and everyone is picking on her, this shows you that she is more of a main character and that she is going to come up later in the story. (Quote: â€Å"She came hurriedly into the square†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœClean forgot what day it was’† [pg150] ) Another example is when she gets picked the for the first draw, this again shows us that she is going to come up later in the story again with an important part. And it also re-assures us that the previous foreshadowing was true. (Quote: â€Å"People began to look around to see the Hutchinsons. Bill Hutchinson...